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  1. Crops
  2. Pasture and Forage
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AS 20
Stocking Rates: Calculating How Many Horses a Pasture Can Maintain
Stocking rates provide information on how many horses a pasture can carry (feed) in a month. The type of pasture will influence stocking rates. A pasture planted with orchardgrass and some alfalfa will produce 2 to 5 ton/acre/year of forage. Tonnage produced is dependent on rainfall, species of plants, soil type, fertilization, and management.
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AS 14
Pasture Management Guide for Livestock Producers
Completely updated and revised, this guide provides a general pasture management reference for livestock producers, agriculture advisers, teachers and students. The color publication covers practices to increase production and returns by improving management of grassland.

Updates and replaces PM 1713 PM1713
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CROP 3141
Estimate First Crop Pre-Harvest Alfalfa Quality in the Field Using PEAQ
Climatic variations impact alfalfa growth and development making it impossible to use a calendar date to best determine when to harvest the first crop. This publication provides a method called Predictive Equations for Alfalfa Quality (PEAQ) to determine when the first crop should be harvested.
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IBCR 202
Making the Switch to Baleage
Baleage can provide an alternative harvest system for producers, reducing the amount of dry matter loss during storage and limiting waste at feeding. The limited time needed to make baleage lends itself to earlier and more frequent cuttings of growth, which increases the overall quality of the stored forage. The shorter time needed to make baleage also decreases the impact of weather on harvest.
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PM 869
Fertilizing Pasture
Research has demonstrated large increases in days of grazing, annual gain, or milk production per acre by fertilizing low yielding pastures. This publication addresses grass pasture fertilization rates, timing, and soil quality, including: types of nitrogen; nitrogen rates, response, and profits; and phosphorous and potassium (P-K) rates for legume-grass pastures.
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PM 856
Improving Pasture By Frost Seeding
Frost seeding, sometimes referred to as overseeding, is an easy and inexpensive way to establish legumes in existing green pastures. This publication explains site selection, seeding, weed control, soil testing, fertilizing, grazing, and ongoing management. Includes seeding rates for alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, lespedeza, red, ladino, and alsike clover.
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PM 1008
Steps to Establish and Maintain Legume-Grass Pastures
Explores the steps to establish and maintain legume-grass pastures, including soil preparation, species and variety selection, seeding, weed and companion crop control, and management.
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AG 96
Estimated Costs of Pasture and Hay Production
This is a summary of estimated costs of improving pasture by five different systems. For each system, both the initial cost per acre and the annual maintenance cost per acre are presented.
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NCR 547
Alfalfa Management Guide
Learn how to achieve top yields to maximize profits. This 2011 edition offers the latest information and strategies for alfalfa establishment, production, and harvest. Includes many color photos and charts.

Insects covered include: alfalfa blotch leafminer, alfalfa weevil, aphids, blister beetle, clover leaf weevil, clover root curculio, grasshoppers, plant bugs, potato leafhoppers, spittlebugs, and variegated cutworm.

Diseases covered include: anthracnose, aphanomyces root rot, bacterial wilt, common leaf spot, lepto leaf spot, fusarium wilt, phytophthora root rot, root-lesion nematodes, sclerotinia, spring black stem, summer black stem, and verticillium wilt.
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PMR 1007
Incorporating Prairies into Multifunctional Landscapes
See how prairies can benefit farms and find the steps necessary to establish and manage prairies. Look at various uses for prairies: livestock grazing, hay production, biomass feedstocks, and carbon sequestering.
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PM 1792
Selecting Forage Species
This publication compares common pasture and hay grass and legume species characteristics for best performance in a variety of environmental conditions.
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PM 1772
Stockpiled Forages: A Way to Extend the Grazing Season
Improve profitability of grazing livestock enterprises with information about additional forage use.
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CRP 10
Converting to Pasture or Hay - Evaluating Current Vegetation | Conservation Reserve Program: Issues and Options
Don't destroy current CRP vegetation until you evaluate all your options.
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CRP 22
Maximizing Profitability on Highly Erodible Land in Iowa | Conservation Reserve Program: Issues and Options
Options in grass may be the most profitable for CRP land when the long term cost of erosion is considered. Get the details on six income options: CRP, two rotational grazing options, two crop options (rotational corn/soybean), and alfalfa/orchard grass hay.
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CRP 12
Converting to Pasture or Hay - Repairing, Replanting CRP Land | Conservation Reserve Program: Issues and Options
Consider your options for establishing and renovating pastures.
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CRP 13
Converting to Pasture or Hay - Forage Seeding Mixtures | Conservation Reserve Program: Issues and Options
Get detailed seed mixture recommendations to improve the productivity and nutritive value of forage legumes and/or grasses.
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PM 1758
Estimating Available Pasture Forage
This publication includes information about why to estimate available forage, the sources of general pasture production estimates, and how to estimate pasture forage in a particular pasture.
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PM 1771
Guide for Year-Round Forage Supply
This publication will help you evaluate your current forage/livestock balance during the grazing season and explore alternative types of pastures or their management to achieve better pasture balance and ways to extend the grazing season. Includes helpful figures and worksheets.
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PM 417H
The Ensiling Process and Additives
Ensiling products has many purposes, including achieving optimum dry matter content, providing long-term storage and increasing harvest-time flexibility. Learn how to safely and successfully ensile your plant products.
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PM 1362
Evaluating Hay and Pasture Stands for Winter Injury
Presents management options for winter-injured stands.
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CRP 21
Interseeding Small-Seeded Forages into Sod with Conventional Corn/Soybean Planters | Conservation Reserve Program: Issues and Options
Detailed information on using conventional corn/soybean planters to interseed small-seeded forages into sod.
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PM 2025
Intercropping Winter Cereal Grains and Red Clover
This publication provides details of research indicating intercropping of winter cereal grains with red clover is a promising option for expanding crop rotation. Careful management is the key.
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PM 1097
Interseeding and No-Till Pasture Renovation
Interseeding and no-till pasture renovation offer opportunities for improving pasture productivity. Production of low yielding pastures can be doubled or tripled with the introduction of more productive grass or legume species.
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PM 1773
Switchgrass Seeding Recommendations for the Production of Biomass Fuel in Southern Iowa
This publication provides information about seed selection, storage, and planting methods used to establish switchgrass in southern Iowa.
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PM 1791
How Pasture Plants Grow
To make good pasture management decisions, you need to understand the growth and development of grasses and legumes.
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SP 65
Wet Conditions Cause Forage Problems - Decisions
The nutritive quality of a standing crop declines both as it matures and as it is affected by spoilage microorganisms in high-humidity conditions. Find out more in this Q and A format publication.
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PM 855
Birdsfoot Trefoil For Pasture
Birdsfoot trefoil has become a favorite legume in permanent pastures in Iowa because of its longevity, ability to withstand close grazing, high nutritive value, and non-bloating characteristics. Topics include: adaptation, performance, interseeding, and seeding vigor/forage yield of the carroll, leo, dawn, and empire varieties.
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PM 569
Warm Season Grasses for Hay and Pasture
Switchgrass, Indiangrass, and big bluestem are warm-season grasses that are a suitable alternative for summer pasture in Iowa. Pasture efficiency may be improved by converting a percentage of the cool-season grass pasture acreage to a warm-season grass to be used in conjunction with cool-season grasses. This publication addresses topics such as species descriptions and varieties, yield and quality, seeding rate, fertilizing, and management of established stands.
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